Harnessing manpower for creating semantics

The effective information processing (e.g. search, organization) of the heterogeneous information spaces requires metadata layer above the resources. However, the acquisition of resource metadata and domain models are challenging tasks. Here, the crowdsourcing has emerged as an alternative to expert-based and automated semantics acquisition approaches. One of its branches are the games with a purpose (GWAPs) which encapsulate the semantics acquisition tasks into the game processes. We analyze existing GWAPs and propose their classification. Furthermore we devised our own GWAP-based approaches. For acquisition of lightweight term relationship network, we devised a search query formulation game, usable also for specific domain models. For acquisition of (personal) image tags, we devised a card game, where players memorize positions of concealed cards and identify identical pairs. For validation of music metadata, we devised a multi-choice question-based game, where players identify tag sets that are characteristic to music tracks they hear. We also looked at the GWAPs from their design perspectives. We present a design oriented classification system for GWAPs, adress several design issues recurring in GWAPs and present new design patterns to solve them.